Markus Grüner 🌱

Markus Grüner

(he/him)

Postdoctoral Researcher

University of Göttingen

Professional Summary

I’m a cognitive scientist interested in how visual attention shapes subjective experience. During my PhD at the University of Vienna, I investigated the mechanisms of attentional guidance, and later combined this work with experimental consciousness research at the University of Göttingen. As a postdoctoral researcher in Göttingen, I developed new experimental methods to advance our understanding of how attention and consciousness interact.

Education

Dr. rer. nat. (PhD) Psychology

2018
2024

University of Vienna

M.Sc. Psychology

2013
2016

University of Vienna

B.Sc. Psychology

2010
2013

University of Vienna

Bachelor’s degree programme in Economics and Social Sciences

2009
2010

Vienna University of Economics and Business

Mandatory military service

2008
2009

Austrian Armed Forces, Allentsteig

Higher School Certificate/Higher education entrance qualification

2003
2008

Commercial High School, Waidhofen/Thaya

Interests

Attention and Perception Consciousness Methods to measure behavior and experience Statistics and Programming Graphic and Web Design
Featured Projects

About the Necessity and Sufficiency of Attention for Consciousness

In this project, we investigate whether conscious perception is possible without attention.

The influence of exogenous attention on consciousness

In this project, we investigate how exogenous attention interactions with conscious perception.

Projects

About the Necessity and Sufficiency of Attention for Consciousness

In this project, we investigate whether conscious perception is possible without attention.

The influence of exogenous attention on consciousness

In this project, we investigate how exogenous attention interactions with conscious perception.

Salience and visual attention

In this project, we investigate how physical salience influences the attentional guidance of talk-relevant and task-irrelevant stimuli.

Selection history and visual attention

In this project, we investigate whether selection history influences attentional guidance. So far, we have focused on the potential influence of previously learned and selected …

Shapes and visual attention

In this project, we investigate which features of simple 2D shapes can guide visual attention. Stimuli like color, luminance, or orientation are known to be able to guide visual …

Adaptive car lighting systems and visual attention

Cooperating with the headlamp developer and manufacturer ZKW Group GmbH we investigate the influence of light-induced dynamics caused by adaptive driving beams on eye movements, …

Featured Publications
(2023). Top-down knowledge surpasses selection history in influencing attentional guidance. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 85, 958–‍1011.
(2021). Simple shapes guide visual attention based on their global outline or global orientation contingent on search goals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47(11), 1493–‍1515.
Publications
(2025). Human responses to the relationships between object shapes and movements in the context of visual attention and S-R compatibility. International Journal of Affective Engineering, 24(1), 29–‍39.
(2024). 10 Hz rhythmic stimulation modulates electrophysiological, but not behavioral markers of suppression. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1376664.
(2023). Top-down knowledge surpasses selection history in influencing attentional guidance. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 85, 958–‍1011.
(2022). Unseeing the white bear: Negative search criteria guide visual attention through top-down suppression. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 48(6), 613–‍638.
(2021). Simple shapes guide visual attention based on their global outline or global orientation contingent on search goals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47(11), 1493–‍1515.
Posters & Talks

Experience

Postdoctoral Researcher

University of Göttingen, Department of Experimental Psychology

I developed my own research focus by integrating visual attention research with experimental approaches to consciousness. In addition, I taught the research practicum (in German), for which I programmed more than 20 complex online experiments and supervised students conducting their first independent research projects.

Main Projects

  • Interaction between exogenous visual attention and consciousness
  • Is attention necessary for consciousness?

Skills learned and applied:

  • Measuring and analyzing human behavior and subjective experience
  • Solving complex methodological and conceptual problems
  • Teamwork, project management, and supervising students
  • Programming (online) experiments in Python/Javascript

Research Assistant and PhD student

University of Vienna, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology

Main Projects

  • Attentional guidance by simple 2D shapes
  • Influence of selection history on attentional guidance
  • Influence of physical salience on (top-down) attentional guidance
  • Influence of reward on attentional guidance

Skills learned and applied:

  • Finding literature and learning about new, complex topics
  • Designing and programming (Matlab) behavioral experiments
  • Analysing data with R using advanced statistics and methods (GLMMs, power analysis with simulations)
  • Preparing and reporting scientific results (conference posters, talks, manuscripts) in English and German
  • Developing new research questions and preparing proposals for grants
  • Teaching introductory courses on cognitive psychology and R

Leading of a research project with industrial partner

University of Vienna, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology

Leading a research project in cooperation with an industrial partner investigating the influence of adaptive car lighting systems on attention, perception and driving behavior.

Skills learned and applied:

  • Teamwork and project management
  • Communication with corporate researcher and executives
  • Designing experiments in real-world settings to answer practical questions
  • Collecting and analyzing data from mobile eye trackers
  • Developing and deploying questionnaires with LimeSurvey

Internship and Student Assistant

University of Vienna, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology

Skills learned and applied:

  • Eye tracking and EEG data collecting
  • Preparing and holding statistic tutorials
  • Organizational tasks

Co-Founder of an online learning platform for the admission exam in psychology

Skills learned and applied:

  • Self-organisation and entrepreneurship
  • Online marketing and customer relationship management
  • Preparing material for effective and efficient learning
  • Presenting learning materials online, content management

Executive assistant in the publishing department

Ferdinand Berger & Söhne GmbH

Skills learned and applied:

  • Marketing, public relations, copywriting, and graphic design
  • Accounting and Controlling for book projects
  • Preparing contracts of publication
  • Researching and writing grant proposals
  • Supporting authors during the publication process

Education

Dr. rer. nat. (PhD) Psychology

University of Vienna

M.Sc. Psychology

University of Vienna

B.Sc. Psychology

University of Vienna

Bachelor’s degree programme in Economics and Social Sciences

Vienna University of Economics and Business

Change to Psychology after two semesters

Mandatory military service

Austrian Armed Forces, Allentsteig

Higher School Certificate/Higher education entrance qualification

Commercial High School, Waidhofen/Thaya

Teachings and Supervision

Master theses supervised: 2 completed.

Bachelor theses supervised: 2 completed, 3 in progress.

University of Göttingen

  • Winter Semester 2023, 2024, and 2025
    Research practicum
    Seminar for bachelor students, held in German
    I programmed online experiment for students and supervised them during the research process (data collection, analysis, poster presentation, writing)

University of Vienna

  • Summer Semester 2020 and 2022
    Analyzing experimental psychological data with R
    Seminar for master students, held in German, online

  • Summer Semester 2019
    Introduction to data analysis with R
    Seminar for master students, held in German, in-person

  • Winter Semester 2018
    Cognitive Foundations of Experience and Behaviour
    Introductory seminar for bachelor students, held in German